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Podpora aplikovaného výskumu na Slovensku

Autor Alexander František Zvrškovec apríl 2020 - Veda a výskum -
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Podpora aplikovaného výskumu na Slovensku Pixabay

Keby sa ma pred desiatimi rokmi niekto opýtal, či sa náš aplikovaný výskum uberá správnym smerom, určite by som odpovedal, že áno.

Napriek tomu, že vysoké školy a univerzity nemali v tom čase s aplikovaným výskumom skoro žiadne skúsenosti (v porovnaní so zahraničím), bola tu úprimná snaha tento trend prelomiť a dať slovenskému hospodárstvu novú, konkurencieschopnú identitu. Cieľom verejnej podpory aplikovaného výskumu bolo vytvoriť špecializované výskumné centrá – na univerzitách alebo v podnikoch, ktoré s takýmito univerzitami spolupracovali. V prípade, že sa takéto centrá vytvorili, každý, kto sa tohto procesu zúčastnil, očakával, že v ďalšom programovom období bude výskum v týchto centrách podporovaný tak, aby došlo k prevodu získaných poznatkov priamo do priemyslu. Projekty, ktoré prešli hodnotením, mali ďalej preukázať udržateľnosť výsledkov výskumu ešte päť rokov po jeho ukončení.

Výskumná agentúra

Organizácia ATASAC je združením právnických osôb, ktoré na Slovensku vykonávajú aplikovaný výskum. Už začiatkom tohto programového obdobia naši členovia signalizovali, že na Výskumnej agentúre, ktorú zriadilo ministerstvo školstva, nie je niečo v poriadku. Agentúra jednoducho nebola schopná posúdiť kvalitu prebiehajúceho výskumu. Jej zamestnanci sa intenzívne venovali jednoduchej administrácii, ako napr. sledovaniu počtu odpracovaných hodín, vylepovaniu nálepiek o prebiehajúcich výskumoch a pod. Toto predstieranie práce sa šírilo ako nákaza aj medzi tými, čo mali tento výskum vykonávať – pretože sa nikde nedalo zistiť, aké sú reálne výsledky výskumných aktivít, hoci tieto boli financované z daňových prostriedkov.
V tomto administratívne neprehľadnom „amoku“ prišla ďalšia katastrofa: rezort školstva pripadol SNS a za ministra bol menovaný Peter Plavčan. Človek, ktorý o aplikovanom výskume nič nevedel, bol poverený prerozdelením výskumných prostriedkov vo výške viac ako 600 mil. €! Za šéfa Výskumnej agentúry menovali človeka blízkeho ministrovi Počiatkovi, ktorého administratívna a odborná kompetencia viesť agentúru bola pod úrovňou gymnazistu.

Nádeje a realita

V dvoch výzvach, ktoré výskumná agentúra vyhlásila, sa naši členovia – spolu so svojimi akademickými partnermi – zúčastnili ako žiadatelia v nádeji, že ich výskum (začatý v predchádzajúcom programovom období) a nimi vybudované výskumné centrá a excelentné výskumné tímy budú posudzované so zohľadnením predchádzajúcich výsledkov a medzičasom vybudovanej výskumnej infraštruktúry.
Na veľké prekvapenie ma počas hodnotenia projektov navštívil Peter Klamo, ktorý sa prezentoval ako riaditeľ zváračského ústavu a zároveň ako hodnotiteľ niektorých projektov našich členov. Návštevník mne a mojej projektovej manažérke vysvetlil, čo všetko môže urobiť, aby naše projekty neprešli. S ohľadom na skutočnosť, že hodnotiteľ projektov za žiadnych okolností nesmie kontaktovať stranu, projekt ktorej hodnotí, nebrali sme jeho vyhrážky vážne. Z tejto romantickej ilúzie sme precitli, keď naši členovia dostali výsledky hodnotení. Udialo sa presne to, čím sa nám P. Klamo vyhrážal.

Podivné hodnotenie

Naši členovia reagovali na „hodnotenia“ projektov tým, že požiadali Výskumnú agentúru o zverejnenie mien hodnotiteľov a zoznamov schválených aj neschválených projektov. Hoci tieto dokumenty majú byť verejne prístupné, agentúra nevyhovela a oznamovala im klamlivé, zavádzajúce fakty. Keďže nebolo iného východiska, naši členovia boli nútení požiadať orgány EÚ o preverenie schvaľovacieho procesu v agentúre.
Čo nasledovalo? Výzvy boli zrušené, minister odstúpil, riaditeľ agentúry je dnes prepustený. Nikto nebol potrestaný – napriek tomu, že všetky fakty potvrdzujú riadenú a rozsiahlu manipuláciu schvaľovacieho procesu! Vyšetrovanie síce začalo, ale nikam sa neposunulo… Škody spôsobené touto manipuláciou slovenskému priemyslu a akademickej obci sú nesmierne.
Ako záplata na túto riadenú katastrofu boli neskôr vyhlásené nové výzvy na financovanie aplikovaného výskumu – ministerstvom hospodárstva, ako aj školstva (už pod novým vedením). Oprávnené osoby pred viac ako rokom podali na obe ministerstvá svoje projekty. Ich odborné hodnotenia nedokázal ani jeden z rezortov zabezpečiť dodnes a pokračujú tak v poškodzovaní záujmov SR.

Archaická SK NACE

Bombastické pomenovania nových výskumných zámerov (napr. Priemysel pre 21. storočie) skrývajú staré, prekonané priemyselné predstavy v podobe povinného zaradenia slovenského výskumu do štruktúry SK NACE – čo je v skutočnosti priamou sabotážou otvoreného a aktívneho výskumu, zameraného na spoločenské potreby. Ak sa výskum netýka gumárskych a chemických výrobkov, výroby železa, elektrických zariadení a podobne, tak nemôže (aspoň na Slovensku) byť spolufinancovaný z verejných zdrojov. Žiadne obnoviteľné zdroje energie a podobné oblasti tam nie sú, čo nás posúva do priemyselnej ligy, vedenej Severnou Kóreou a Afganistanom.
Pred pár týždňami bola vyhlásená nová výzva na vitalizáciu podnikania malých a stredných podnikov, zameraná na podporu transformácie uhoľného regiónu Horná Nitra. Výzva je verným obrazom nedostatku poznatkov o hospodárskej realite v štruktúrach ministerstva hospodárstva a ministerstva dopravy (prvé je vo výzve sprostredkovateľským, druhé riadiacim orgánom). Predpokladom získania prostriedkov je zaraďovanie nových projektov do štruktúry SK NACE, v ktorej sa uchádzači môžu rovno uchádzať o garantované hospodárske katastrofy. Transformácia má predsa viesť k priemyselnej vitalizácii regiónu – nie k hospodárskemu násiliu na podnikoch zo strán nezodpovednej politickej štruktúry a skorumpovanej nekompetentnej administrácie.

Ako z toho von

Pokúšam sa nebyť pesimistom, ale bez výmeny politickej a s ňou prepojenej kriminálnej štruktúry, s ktorou sa doteraz slovenský aplikovaný výskum nedokázal vyrovnať, nebude možné prelomiť špirálu úpadku morálky v našej spoločnosti. Na obnovenie dôvery v politické a administratívne vedenie štátu bude tiež potrebné vyšetriť a identifikovať vinníkov, zodpovedných za organizovanie vykrádania verejných zdrojov. Niekto to predsa robil – a niekto iný mu to aktívne umožňoval. Prehrali sme všetci.
Až následne možno začať hovoriť a konať v intenciách vízie EÚ vyjadrenej v koncepcii otvorenej vedy. Ak Slovensko chce byť súčasťou moderného, konkurencieschopného priemyslu a školstva v európskom chápaní, musíme začať u nás doma. Alternatívou je pokračovanie v politike lacného predaja pracovnej sily nadnárodným koncernom. Otrokov v Afrike nik nenaháňal po džungli, aby ich odviezol do Ameriky. Tí už čakali v prístavoch, kde ich domáci náčelníci predávali budúcim otrokárom za lacný peniaz. Mali by sme sa nad tým, ako Afrika dopadla, aspoň zamyslieť.
Treba tiež aktívne podporiť iniciatívu našich úspešných súkromných spoločností pri vytváraní nových vedeckých centier – kampusov, ktoré v zdravej konkurencii a spolupráci s verejným školstvom a výskumom môžu preukázať funkčnosť nových modelov efektívneho aplikovaného výskumu na Slovensku.

Alexander František Zvrškovec, predseda
Združenie ATASAC

Prečítané 2502342 krát Posledná úprava pondelok, 27 apríl 2020 09:06

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